Objective Questions

The line of fusion of the two halves of the pelvic girdle is called:

The opening in the pelvic bone through which blood vessels and muscles pass is …

The basic structural plan of limbs in most vertebrates is called:

The femur is described in the slides as:

The three projections near the femur called trochanters are important for:

The two rounded knobs at the distal end of the femur for articulation are calle…

The small bone at the knee joint between the femur and tibia/fibula is the:

A joint is defined in the slides as:

Immovable joints in the skull are specifically called:

Ball-and-socket joints allow movement in:

Which of the following is an example of a PIVOT joint?

Synovial fluid functions to:

Which structure is responsible for secreting synovial fluid?

Tendons differ from ligaments in that tendons:

The slides describe the human digestive system as:

Humans possess which type of digestive tract, as stated on the slides?

The Alimentary Canal (GI tract) is described as a continuous tube of approximat…

Which structures are listed as Accessory Digestive Organs in the slides?

Digestion is stated to occur in three distinct phases. Which option lists them …

The THREE major pairs of salivary glands identified in the slides are:

Salivary amylase begins the breakdown of starch into:

Lingual lipase in saliva initiates:

Saliva contains which components for early microbial defense?

The three parts of the pharynx in descending order are:

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea by directing it into the:

The oesophagus is approximately how long according to the slides?

Food moves through the oesophagus via which mechanism?

The lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) prevents:

The stomach is described as which shape on the slides?

The four main regions of the stomach are:

The stomach releases food into the small intestine in small portions as:

The small intestine is approximately how long according to the slides?

The first segment of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs,…

The jejunum is approximately how long and is specialized for:

The ileum is responsible for absorbing:

Finger-like projections on the walls of the small intestine that increase surfa…

Bile from the liver and gallbladder enters the small intestine to:

Brush border enzymes in the small intestine complete which aspect of digestion?

Carbohydrates and proteins absorbed in the small intestine enter the bloodstrea…

Fats absorbed in the small intestine enter the lymphatic system via:

The large intestine is approximately how long?

The first section of the large intestine that receives undigested food from the…

Gut bacteria in the large intestine produce which vitamins according to the sli…

The liver's primary digestive function is to:

The gallbladder functions to:

Which enzyme produced by the pancreas breaks down carbohydrates into maltose?

Trypsin and chymotrypsin are pancreatic enzymes that digest:

Pancreatic lipase breaks down fats into:

The pancreas secretes bicarbonate to:

Carbohydrate digestion BEGINS in the:

Protein digestion BEGINS in the:

Fat digestion primarily BEGINS in the:

The enzyme salivary amylase is also called:

Renin (in infants) acts on which substrate in the stomach?

Gastric lipase is secreted from which source?

Dipeptidase acts in the small intestine on which substrate?

Nuclease, secreted from the pancreas, breaks down:

Sucrase, found in intestinal glands, converts sucrose into:

Lactase breaks down lactose into:

Carboxypeptidase, a pancreatic enzyme, acts on which substrate?

Which enzyme activates pepsinogen, and what does pepsinogen become?

Amino acids absorbed from digested proteins are used for:

Fats absorbed as fatty acids and glycerol are transported via lacteals into whi…

Mucus in the stomach protects the stomach lining by:

The slides note that the liver converts excess glucose into which storage form?

Excretion is defined on the slides as:

The slides explicitly distinguish excretion from EGESTION. Egestion refers to:

Carbon dioxide is produced from which metabolic process?

Nitrogen compounds excreted by the body are produced by the breakdown of:

Which THREE nitrogen-containing compounds are listed as excretory products in t…

Nitrogenous wastes and mineral salts are disposed of through which two routes?

Which five organs are listed as organs of excretion on the slides?

The urinary system is composed of which four structures?

Urine produced by the kidneys passes to the bladder via:

The primary organ of osmoregulation (water balance regulation) is the:

The outer part of the kidney where blood is filtered is called the:

The middle part of the kidney made up of collecting ducts is called the:

The inner region of the kidney connected to the ureter is the:

Each kidney contains approximately how many nephrons?

The glomerulus is described as:

The Bowman's Capsule is described as:

The filtrate produced in the Bowman's capsule is composed of which substances?

On average, approximately how many litres of filtrate are formed in the kidneys…

Of the 180 litres of filtrate formed daily, approximately how much becomes urin…

Reabsorption in the nephron returns approximately what percentage of filtrate b…

Most water reabsorption in the nephron occurs by which transport mechanism?

Glucose, amino acids, and most salts are reabsorbed primarily by:

Urine is composed of:

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted by which brain structure?

When fluid intake is LOW, ADH is secreted, causing:

When fluid intake is HIGH, ADH is NOT secreted, resulting in:

The liver's role as an excretory organ includes which process involving amino a…

Ammonia produced during deamination must be converted to urea because:

The liver breaks down worn-out red blood cells. Part of the haemoglobin molecul…

The liver detoxifies blood by:

The lungs excrete which metabolic wastes?

The primary excretory function of the skin is:

AMMONOTELIC excretion is characteristic of which organisms?

UREOTELIC excretion is characteristic of:

URICOTELIC excretion requires nil amount of water because uric acid is: