Test Compilation BIO 102 4

Biology Multiple Choice Questions - Study Summary

This summary compiles key biology concepts from the provided multiple-choice questions and their correct answers. It covers topics ranging from cell biology, plant and animal physiology, microbiology, genetics, and ecology.

Cell Biology and General Concepts

• Plant cell distinguishing feature: Rigid cell wall (from animal cells).
• Eukaryotic definition: Cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
• Vacuoles in cells are for: Maintaining turgor pressure and storing water and nutrients.
• Most complex class of carbohydrates: Polysaccharides.
• Food class with amino acid as end product: Proteins.

Plant Biology

• Plant growth definition: An irreversible increase in size and mass.
• Autotrophic plants: Produce their own food through photosynthesis.
• Sporophytic phase in plants: Diploid.
• Organ of reproduction in plants: Flower.
• Essential parts of a flower (must contain one of): Ovary.
• Calyx is composed of: Sepals.
• Parts of a flower (except): Water is essential for fertilization (this is a process, not a part).
• Plant hormone for cell elongation: Auxin.
• Hormone promoting seed dormancy: Abscisic acid.
• Plant reproducing through leaves: Bryophyllum.
• Pollens from an anther transferred to stigma of same plant: Autogamy.
• Plants having both male and female flowers (on the same plant): Monoecious.
• When plant sexes are borne on different plants: Dioecious.
• Cross pollination can occur in the following except: Monoecious (as monoecious plants can also self-pollinate).
• Type of cell division on root and shoot tips: Apical meristem.
• Factor that does not affect plant growth: Sound.
• Phototropism in plants refers to: Growth toward light.
• Purpose of protecting the embryo (e.g., in seeds): To avoid desiccation.
• A potato can reproduce asexually using: Tubers.
• Chlorophyll is usually found in: Leaves.
• In Darwin's experiment, part of coleoptile covered to stop phototropism: Tip.
• Scientist who demonstrated chemical signal from tip to growing region in phototropism: Boysen-Jensen.
• Material used by Boysen-Jensen to separate tip from lower part of coleoptile: Agar block or mica.
• Higher plants are characterized by being: Multicellular.
• Plants are all of the following except: Anisocytic (refers to stomata type, not plant classification).

Animal Biology

• Respiratory organ in arachnids (scorpions and spiders): Book-lung.
• Organism with an open circulatory system: Mollusc.
• Circulation where de-oxygenated blood is pumped from heart to lungs: Pulmonary circulation.
• Vertebrate circulation type (blood remains within tubes): Closed circulation.
• Cephalization occurs in all animals except: Sea anemones (Cnidarians lack true cephalization).
• Animals with bilateral symmetry: Platyhelminthes.
• Most animals in embryonic stages are triploblastic except: Porifera (which are diploblastic).
• Respiratory system provides: Oxygen (for cellular functions) and removes Carbon dioxide (waste product).

Microbiology and Virology

• Antibiotics are effective against: Bacteria.
• Major group of microorganisms NOT typically considered in context of roles (among given options): Plants.
• Mechanism for bacteria to acquire genes from other bacteria: Horizontal Gene Transfer.
• Binary Fission: A method of bacterial reproduction.
• Virus family Human herpesvirus 1 belongs to: Herpesviridae.
• Taxonomic level Herpesviridae belongs to: Family.
• Antiviral Drugs (examples): Acyclovir, Oseltamivir, Remdesivir, Antiretrovirals.
• Characteristic feature used in virus classification: Symmetry types (e.g., icosahedral, helical).
• Type of vaccine using a weakened form of pathogen: Live attenuated.
• Examples of Vaccines (categories): Live attenuated, Inactivated, Subunit, mRNA.
• Type of autotrophic nutrition for primitive prokaryotes using chemical energy from H2S and CO2: Chemosynthetic.

Reproduction and Genetics

• Asexual reproduction occurs when: One organism carries out reproduction.
• Sexual and asexual reproduction in plants: Both are possible.
• Types of reproduction methods: Asexual, vegetative propagation, and sexual.

Ecology and Nutrition

• Heterotrophs that feed mainly on fruits: Frugivorous.
• NOT a definition of nutrition: The process of photosynthesis by which green plants digest food materials and assimilate it into their system (photosynthesis is a process of food *synthesis*, not digestion, and is a mode of nutrition, not its definition).