GST 112 Test Compilations 13

Study Summary: Nigerian History, Culture, and Society

I. Nigerian History & Politics

• Colonial Era & Infrastructure:
  • **Owo** was not directly influenced by colonial railway lines (Q442).
  • The establishment of **Port Harcourt** was to facilitate the **export of coal** (Q453).
  • **The Miller Brothers** company pioneered and facilitated rubber production in Sapele (Q454).
  • Kaduna was favored as an administrative headquarters due to its **proximity to the Lagos-Kano Railway** (Q460).
  • Nigeria was given her name by **Lady Lugard** (Q469).
  • The first newspaper in Nigeria was published in **Abeokuta** by the **CMS** ("Iwe Irohin") (Q467, Q484).
  • Millions of people were forced out of the Nigerian area through the **Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade** between the 15th and 19th centuries (Q507).
  • Under **Indirect Rule**, colonialism introduced laws in district and provincial courts that freed women from domestic violence (Q483).
• Civil War Period:
  • Chief **Obafemi Awolowo** served as **Finance Minister** during the Civil War (Q452).
  • During the Nigerian Civil War, the **United States refused to sell arms to either of the belligerents** (Q506).
  • The 3Rs Agenda after the Civil War were **Reconciliation, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction** (Q501).
  • **Biafra** was proclaimed on **30th May 1967** (Q509).
  • **Hassan Katsina** captured the Biafra Radio and announced a takeover by Nigerian forces (Q514).
  • The Post-Civil War National Rehabilitation Commission was headed by **Mr. Ukpabi Asika** (Q471).
• Pre-Colonial Kingdoms & Empires:
  • **Kanem-Borno** was first Islamised during the **Seifawa dynasty** (Q449).
  • The Islamisation of Borno reached its peak during the reign of **Mai Idris Alooma** (Q466).
  • **Kanuri Empire** is another name for Kanem-Borno (Q479).
  • The Tripoli-Fezzan-Bilma trans-Saharan trade route ended in **Kanem-Borno** (Q481).
  • There was **Islam in the Nupe kingdom before the 18th century** (Q444, Q473).
  • The **Fulani Jihad** was launched at the beginning of the **19th century** and united the entire **Hausaland** (Q472, Q485).
  • **Uthman Dan Fodio** was ethnically connected to the **Fulani** (Q457).
  • **Esu** is not related to the traditional system in Northern Nigeria (Q505).
  • The Ibin-Ukpabi belonged to the **Aro** people (Q512).
• Post-Independence Politics:
  • The first military Head of State in Nigeria was **Aguiyi Ironsi** (Q495).
  • The two presidential candidates for the **1993 election** were **Alhaji Bashir Tofa and Chief M.K.O. Abiola** (Q492).
  • Chief Ernest Shonekan's Interim National Government lasted for **82 days** (Q502).

II. Culture & Society

• Marriage & Naming Customs:
  • Marriage rites and processes in Nigeria are **different** (Q446).
  • **Alligator pepper** is contained in the marriage culture of the Yoruba (Q448).
  • **Honey** is a material required in naming a child among the Yoruba (Q451).
  • A child could be named after **deities** (Q511).
  • Factors like where a child was born, order of birth, and when born could determine a child's name, but not **the choice of the child** itself (Q508).
• Social Norms & Gender:
  • Committing incest and adultery were both seen as an **abomination** in most Nigerian communities (Q464, Q496).
  • **Bride exchange** was common among the Tiv people (Q482).
  • **Gender** refers to the cultural construction of **male and female** (Q490).
  • Nigerian women have always agitated for **equality** (Q494).
  • **Westernized Women organizations** emerged and developed under the **Colonial era** (Q445).
  • In pre-colonial Nigeria, women played key roles in **Traditional religion** (Q480).
  • The **National Youth Service Corps Scheme** was initiated to promote **national integration** (Q498).
  • The decade **1975-1985** is referred to as the United Nations decade for women (Q499).
  • Colonial women's organizations protested against **women's taxation, high market dues, and overzealous warrant chiefs** (Q515).
  • The **Aba Women Riot** was arguably the most prominent women's riot in Nigeria (Q516).
  • Among the riverine women, **canoes** served as a form of mobile shop (Q513).
• Urbanization & Related Issues:
  • **Serenity** is not a problem associated with big cities in Nigeria (Q462).
  • Unlike their rural counterparts, Nigerian cities are more prone to **crimes and criminality** (Q477).
  • Urban culture includes **various practices, belief systems, and social forms of city dwellers** (Q503).

III. Religion

• Christianity in Nigeria:
  • The **Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN)** is one of the major umbrella Christian organizations in Nigeria (Q443, Q456).
  • **The Society of African Mission** established a coconut plantation at Topo (Q455).
  • Some of the earliest "Nigerian Native Pentecostal Churches" included the **United Native African Church** (Q459).
  • The **Redeemed Christian Church of God** was not among the early 20th-century foreign Pentecostal Churches in Nigeria (Q461).
  • **The Pentecostals** could be considered the most intolerant Christian group on matters of faith (Q470).
  • The **Charismatic Renewals World (CRW)** was not among the African Churches witnessed in the first half of the 20th century (Q487).
  • The **Christian Missionary Society (CMS)** was not a 20th-century indigenous Pentecostal Church (Q497).
  • Foreign Pentecostal Churches initially excluded the **willingness of white priests to subordinate themselves to African leadership** (Q500).
  • The need for a new dimension to women's participation in Christianity led to the **establishment of churches by women** (Q474).
  • Christianity was first introduced to the Southern part of Nigeria during the **15th century** (Q510).
  • Among Baptist missionaries in Ogbomoso, Reverend C. E. Smith had greater and lasting influence on **N. D. Oyerinde** (Q468).
• Islam in Nigeria:
  • There was **Islam in the Nupe kingdom before the 18th century** (Q444, Q473).
  • The Islamisation of Borno reached its peak during the reign of **Mai Idris Alooma** (Q466).
  • The **Fulani Jihad** was launched at the beginning of the **19th century** and united the entire **Hausaland** (Q472, Q485).
  • **Uthman Dan Fodio** was ethnically connected to the **Fulani** (Q457).
  • The functions of the **Ulama** (Islamic scholars) included interpreting religious knowledge, legal support, and guardianship, but not "conquest of the faithful" (Q458).
  • **Christian missionary activities** were not widespread in pre-jihad Hausaland (Q504).

IV. Governance & Corruption

• Corruption:
  • **Corruption** is a major aspect of corruption in Nigeria (Q441, Q493).
  • The culture of corruption is established when **a people accept corruption as a way of life** (Q447).
  • One effect of corruption in Nigeria is **election rigging** (Q450).
  • There is no single definition of corruption because **the concept varies from one society to another** (Q478).
  • **The weather system** is not a cause of corruption in Nigeria (Q486).
  • In the traditional Nigerian society, those who engaged in corrupt acts were **openly shamed** (Q491).
  • In pre-colonial Nigerian communities, **ritual means to instill fear in the hearts of the people** were used to control corruption (Q475).
  • **Nepotism** is a major aspect of corruption in Nigeria (Q493).
• Citizenship:
  • **Naturalization** is a method of acquiring citizenship in Nigeria (Q489).

V. Environmental Issues

• Pollution:
  • **Air pollution** is directly associated with generator sets (Q476).